{"id":2519,"date":"2020-01-02T14:23:29","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T14:23:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/?p=2519"},"modified":"2020-01-02T14:23:31","modified_gmt":"2020-01-02T14:23:31","slug":"onumuzdeki-10-yilda-dunyayi-degistirmesi-beklenen-5-bulus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/onumuzdeki-10-yilda-dunyayi-degistirmesi-beklenen-5-bulus\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 Y\u0131lda D\u00fcnyay\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftirmesi Beklenen 5 Bulu\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 10 y\u0131lda \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flara imza att\u0131. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na girdi\u011fimiz \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde, bir sonraki 10 y\u0131la dair tahminler ve beklentiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bilim insanlar\u0131 gelecek 10 y\u0131lda bizi hangi bulu\u015flar\u0131n bekledi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 10 y\u0131lda Higgs bozonunun ke\u015ffinden, gen d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7in CRISPR kullan\u0131m\u0131na kadar\u00a0bilimde devrim\u00a0yaratan baz\u0131 ilerlemeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ancak bilim durmaz. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki\u00a010 y\u0131lda bilim insanlar\u0131 yine t\u0131p, uzay, fizik ve m\u00fchendislik alanlar\u0131nda\u00a0d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek\u00a0bulu\u015flarla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki, gelecekte d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek en b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u0131l\u0131mlardan hangileri? Alanlar\u0131nda uzman olan bilim insanlar\u0131, 2020′ lerde g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz heyecan verici ke\u015fifleri, teknikleri ve geli\u015fmeleri a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"evrensel<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131p: Evrensel grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0evrensel grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak.\u00a0Evrensel grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, teorik olarak gribe kar\u015f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcreli koruma sa\u011flayacak ve her y\u0131l grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yapma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131racak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grip vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015firken,\u00a0baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u0131ldan y\u0131la de\u011fi\u015fmeden kal\u0131yor. Evrensel grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131na y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00a0daha az de\u011fi\u015fken\u00a0olan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 hedefler.\u00a0ABD\u2019de bulunan Ulusal Alerji ve Enfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, evrensel grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in insanlarda\u00a0ilk denemelerine\u00a0ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ilk a\u015famas\u0131, deneysel a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fine\u00a0ve kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n buna kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k tepkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131racak. Bilim insanlar\u0131, ilk sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki aylarda bildirmeyi hedefliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevcut a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 10\u2019 u evrensel bir a\u015f\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi takdirde, hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanan insan say\u0131s\u0131nda her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.3 milyonluk azalma g\u00f6zlenece\u011fi ve \u00f6len ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 6.300 ki\u015filik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"mini<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sinirbilim: Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, daha iyi mini beyinler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 son 10 y\u0131lda, n\u00f6ronlara farkl\u0131la\u015fan ve insan k\u00f6k h\u00fccrelerinden \u00fcretilen ve\u00a0“organoid”\u00a0olarak bilinen mini beyinleri, 3 boyutlu yap\u0131lara yerle\u015ftirerek ba\u015far\u0131yla yeti\u015ftirdiler.\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, beynin hasarl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinin yerini almas\u0131 i\u00e7in sinir dokusunun fonksiyonel birimlerini\u00a0\u00fcretebilmeyi planl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yapay mini beyinler genellikle k\u0131sa bir \u00f6mre sahip. Ancak bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0n\u00f6rolojik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u00a0ilerleyi\u015fini takip etmesine imkan sa\u011fl\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece Alzheimer ve Parkinson gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra travmatik beyin yaralanmalar\u0131 ve bu gibi durumlar\u0131n erken te\u015fhisinde kullan\u0131labilecekler. Mini beyinler, insan beyninin yerine ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmiyor. Burada as\u0131l ama\u00e7, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n beyin \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6rebilmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"yenilenebilir<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi: Yenilenebilir enerji sistemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 10 y\u0131lda eriyen buzullar, y\u00fckselen deniz seviyeleri ve\u00a0dengesiz iklim olaylar\u0131, g\u00fczel gezegenimizin ne kadar k\u0131r\u0131lgan oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu.\u00a0\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131lda, enerji ve ula\u015f\u0131m sistemlerinin\u00a0yenilenebilir enerjiye\u00a0d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gibi yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ve teknolojiler geli\u015ftirilecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pensilvanya Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi’ nde\u00a0meteoroloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Michael Mann,\u00a0“\u0130klim konusunda harekete ge\u00e7ece\u011fimiz\u00a0bir at\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6rece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Ancak bu ge\u00e7i\u015fi h\u0131zland\u0131racak politikalara ve bu politikalar\u0131 destekleyecek politikac\u0131lara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.”<\/em>\u00a0diyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 daha da bilin\u00e7lenmesi iyi bir durum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc elde edilen son veriler, korkutucu olas\u0131l\u0131klara i\u015faret ediyor. Illinois \u00dcniversitesi’ nde atmosfer bilimleri profes\u00f6r\u00fc\u00a0Donald Wuebbles,\u00a0“Bilim insanlar\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin bu y\u00fczy\u0131l ve \u00f6tesinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkileri hafife al\u0131yor olabilirler”<\/em>\u00a0diyerek tehlikeye i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"axion<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Par\u00e7ac\u0131k fizi\u011fi: Axion’un bulunu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Higgs bozonunun ke\u015ffi son 10 y\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131ndan biriydi.\u00a0Ancak Higgs ke\u015ffedildi\u011finde, di\u011fer par\u00e7ac\u0131klar da yava\u015f yava\u015f \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaya\u00a0ba\u015flad\u0131. Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc fizik\u00e7i Frank Wilczek’ e g\u00f6re bu varsay\u0131msal par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan birini bulma konusunda makul bir \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Axion\u00a0tek bir par\u00e7ac\u0131k de\u011fil; s\u0131radan maddelerle nadiren etkile\u015fime giren \u00f6zelliklere sahip bir par\u00e7ac\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131. Axion’ lar, galaksileri bir arada tutan g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez madde olan karanl\u0131k maddeyi a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ve\u00a0karanl\u0131k madde ile madde-antimadde dengesizli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verecek. Bilim insanlar\u0131 bu par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n ke\u015ffiyle,\u00a0evrenin olu\u015fumundaki\u00a0en erken d\u00f6nemden veya karanl\u0131k maddeyi a\u00e7\u0131klayan di\u011fer par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan kaynaklanan yer \u00e7ekimi dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 veya uzay zaman\u0131ndaki dalgalanmalar\u0131 tespit etmeyi hedefliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Axion’u bulmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan giri\u015fimler aras\u0131nda\u00a0Axion Karanl\u0131k Madde (ADMX)\u00a0deneyi ve bu zor par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 arayan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ara\u00e7 olan CERN Axion G\u00fcne\u015f Teleskobu yer al\u0131yor.\u00a0CAST 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019i izleyerek Axion par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 arayan bir teleskop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"ya\u015fanabilir<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uzay: D\u00fcnya’ya Benzeyen Bir Atmosfer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya’ ya alternatif olacak gezegenler i\u00e7in aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.\u00a0Yani\u00a0uzayda ya\u015fam aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda da en \u00f6nemli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan biri olacak.\u00a0Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden Sara Seager’ a g\u00f6re\u00a0\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde\u00a0James Webb Uzay Teleskobu’ nun (JWST) yap\u0131lmas\u0131, astronomi ve gezegen bilimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir at\u0131l\u0131m olacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hubble Uzay Teleskobu’ nun geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f versiyonu olan JWST’ nin 2021’de tamamlanmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. Bilim insanlar\u0131, teleskopla ilk kez\u00a0gezegenleri\u00a0k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi\u00a0g\u00f6rebilecekler.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca konak gezegenlerdeki y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinden uzakla\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gezegenleri bile tespit edebilecekler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seager’ a g\u00f6re D\u00fcnya benzeri\u00a0atmosfere sahip\u00a0k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, kayal\u0131k gezegenlerdeki su buhar\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilece\u011fiz. Su buhar\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 su okyanuslar\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi ve canl\u0131lar ya\u015fam i\u00e7in suya ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu\u00a0i\u00e7in bu, umut verici bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olacak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilim insanlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 10 y\u0131lda \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flara imza att\u0131. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na girdi\u011fimiz \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde, bir sonraki 10 y\u0131la dair tahminler ve beklentiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bilim insanlar\u0131 gelecek 10 y\u0131lda bizi hangi bulu\u015flar\u0131n bekledi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 10 y\u0131lda Higgs bozonunun ke\u015ffinden, gen d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7in CRISPR kullan\u0131m\u0131na kadar\u00a0bilimde devrim\u00a0yaratan baz\u0131 ilerlemeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ancak bilim durmaz. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki\u00a010 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":2520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[173,20],"tags":[394,395,396,399,397,400,355,398],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2519"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2519"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2521,"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2519\/revisions\/2521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codewk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}